3. PRO Physical Changes: Declarative Premise Scaffold

Sentence Builder Options:

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Water Boiling

Explain why water turns into water vapour when boiled.

Premise (P): __________________ # Choose from builder

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Reasoning (R): As a result, the particles move farther apart and escape from the surface of the liquid.

Outcome (O): Therefore, the liquid changes state into a gas.

Ice Melting

Explain why ice melts when heated.

Premise (P): __________________ # Choose from builder

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Reasoning (R): As a result, the particles vibrate more strongly and overcome the forces holding them in fixed positions.

Outcome (O): Therefore, ice changes state into a liquid.

Balloon Shrinking in the Freezer

Explain why a balloon shrinks when placed in the freezer.

Premise (P): __________________ # Choose from builder

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Reasoning (R): As a result, the particles move more slowly and occupy less space.

Outcome (O): Therefore, the balloon becomes smaller.

Rubber Band Stretching

Explain why a rubber band stretches when pulled.

Premise (P): __________________ # Choose from builder

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Reasoning (R): As a result, the force straightens and extends the coiled chains without breaking them.

Outcome (O): Therefore, the rubber band becomes longer but remains the same material.

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Modelling Clay

Explain why modelling clay changes shape when pressed.

Premise (P): __________________ # Choose from builder

Heating a [material/state] increases the kinetic energy of its particles.
Lower temperature reduces the kinetic energy of particles in [material/state].
A [material/state] can deform under an applied force without breaking.
The arrangement of particles in a [material/state] allows movement when force is applied.
A [material/state] is rigid, so particles cannot move freely under force.

Reasoning (R): As a result, the applied force causes the particles to shift into new positions without breaking the material.

Outcome (O): Therefore, the clay changes shape but remains the same substance.